Fundamentals about Centrifugal pumps

The centrifugal pump mechanics, physics and piping integration

The pump is an energy converter

Classification of pumping machinery

The stationary shell : Casings and diffusers

The rotating assembly : Generating kinetic energy

Component anatomy of a centrifugal pump

The fluid journey : Suction to eye

The physics of velocity

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Type of Heat Exchanger

There are several types of heat exchangers used in HVAC systems, including: 1. Coil Type: - Chilled water coils - Hot water coils - DX (direct expansion) coils - Evaporator coils - Condenser coils 2. Shell and Tube Type: - U-tube heat exchangers - Straight tube heat exchangers 3. Plate Type: - Plate and frame heat exchangers - Plate and shell heat exchangers 4. Finned Tube Type: - Finned tube heat exchangers 5. Spiral Type: - Spiral heat exchangers 6. Regenerative Type: - Regenerative heat exchangers 7. Adiabatic Type: - Adiabatic wheel heat exchangers 8. Run-Around Coil Type: - Run-around coil heat exchangers These heat exchangers are used in various applications, including: - Air conditioning - Heating - Ventilation - Refrigeration - Heat recovery - Industrial processes Each type of hea...

HVAC common unit converter chart

Here's a comprehensive HVAC unit converter chart: Volume Flow Rate 1.CFM (Cubic Feet per Minute) to CMH (Cubic Meters per Hour): 1 CFM ≈ 1.699 CMH 2.CFM to m³/s (Cubic Meters per Second): 1 CFM ≈ 0.000472 m³/s Airflow Velocity 1.FPM (Feet per Minute) to m/s (Meters per Second): 1 FPM ≈ 0.00508 m/s 2.m/s to FPM: 1 m/s ≈ 196.85 FPM Energy and Power 1.BTU/h (British Thermal Units per Hour) to kW (Kilowatts): 1 BTU/h ≈ 0.000293 kW 2.Tons of Refrigeration to kW: 1 Ton ≈ 3.517 kW Pressure 1.Inches of Water Gauge (in wg) to Pascals (Pa): 1 in wg ≈ 249.08 Pa 2.PSI (Pounds per Square Inch) to kPa (Kilopascals): 1 PSI ≈ 6.895 kPa Temperature 1.°F (Fahrenheit) to °C (Celsius): °C = (°F - 32) × 5/9 2.°C to °F: °F = °C × 9/5 + 32 Additional Conversions Length 1.Inches to Millimeters: 1 inch = 25.4 mm 2.Feet to Meters: 1 foot = 0.3048 meters Area Square Feet to Square Meters: 1 sq ft = 0.0929 sq m Volume Gallons to L...

VALVES USED IN A CHILLER SYSTEM AND THE TYPICAL VALVE PACKAGE

VALVES USED IN A CHILLER SYSTEM AND THE TYPICAL VALVE PACKAGE 1.Chilled Water Side Valves ⇒Isolation valve (manual/electric actuated). ⇒ Installed on CHW supply and return lines. ⇒ Used to isolate chiller for maintenance. 2. Balancing Valve (Manual or Automatic) ⇒ Ensures correct flow rate to/from chiller. ⇒ Helps maintain Delta T and proper flow distribution. ⇒ Located after evaporator outlet (return line). 3. Differential Pressure Bypass Valve (if 2-way valves in system) ⇒ Prevents excess pressure build-up when terminals shut. ⇒ Maintains flow through chiller. 4. Flow Switch ⇒ Senses chilled water flow across evaporator. ⇒ Safety interlock: trips chiller if flow is lost. ⇒ Usually paddle type or electronic. 5. Air Vent Valve (Manual or Automatic) ⇒ Removes air pockets. ⇒ Placed at high points of piping and chiller headers. 6. Drain Valve ⇒ For flushing, cleaning, and maintenance. ⇒ Located at low poin...

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